Multiple perpetrator rape: A critical review of existing explanatory theories

• Explanatory theories of multiple perpetrator rape (MPR) are critically examined.
• The most comprehensive theory of MPR was proposed by Harkins and Dixon, 2010 and Harkins and Dixon, 2013.
• Empirical research is surveyed that supports factors proposed by theories of MPR.
• Some evidence was found that supports Harkins and Dixon, 2010 and Harkins and Dixon, 2013 theory of MPR.

Although multiple perpetrator rape is a relatively under-researched area, a few authors have proposed theories to try to explain this complex phenomenon. The majority of these theories only examined some factors that are believed to play a part in multiple perpetrator rape (e.g., socio-cultural factors and group processes). The most recent and comprehensive model proposed is the Multi-Factorial Theory of Multiple Perpetrator Sexual Offending. This article critically examines this theory and the factors and processes that are suggested as contributing to multiple perpetrator rape (i.e., individual, socio-cultural and situational factors including the interactions between them). Some evidence is found to support this model although further research is needed to fully test it.