Perpetrator and victim perceptions of perpetrator's masculinity as a risk factor for violence: A meta-ethnography synthesis

• We discuss the construct of masculinity.
• We examine the relationship between masculinity and violence.
• Masculinity is one of the factors associated with violence.

Men are over-represented as both perpetrators and victims of violence. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationship between masculinity and violence from the perspectives of the perpetrators and victims. In order to provide the best available scientific evidence, four databases were searched and a Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool was used to evaluate 10 studies. A meta-ethnography approach was also employed to synthesize the selected studies. The analysis revealed a number of reciprocal themes that act as risk factors for violence. This included a masculinization process, available resources, ethnic minority identification and alcohol and substance abuse. This review highlights the need for further research exploring different reciprocal themes and their association with masculinity and violence. Further research in this field could help clinicians improve their practice by helping clinicians widen their discussions about the violence committed by some males. Additional investigations could also improve offender treatment programs, which, in turn, could assist offenders by helping them challenge schemas and cognitive distortions that may precipitate their violence.