Early growth, dry matter allocation and water use efficiency of two sympatric Populus species as affected by water stress

We exposed cuttings of two sympatric species of Sect. Tacamahaca Spach, Populus cathayana Rehder and Populus przewalskii Maximowicz, to two watering regimes in a greenhouse. In the semi-controlled environmental study, two watering treatments which were watered to 100 and 25% of field capacity were used, respectively. The effects of water deficit on early growth, biomass allocation and water use efficiency (WUE) were investigated. We found that there were significant interspecific differences in early growth, dry matter allocation and water use efficiency between two sympatric Populus species. Compared with P. cathayana, P. przewalskii showed higher shoot height, dry matter accumulation, number of leaves, total leaf area, fine root mass, fine root/total root ratio and water use efficiency under both well-watered and water-stressed treatments. On the other hand, P. przewalskii also showed higher root mass/foliage area ratio, root/shoot ratio and carbon isotope composition than P. cathayana under water-stressed treatment. The results suggested that there were different water-use strategies between two sympatric Populus species, P. przewalskii with higher drought tolerance may employ a conservative water-use strategy, whereas P. cathayana with lower drought tolerance may employ a prodigal water-use strategy. The findings confirm the existence of interspecific genetic differences in early growth, dry matter allocation and water use efficiency as affected by water stress, these variations in drought responses may be used as criteria for species selection and tree improvement.