Phylogenetic relationship of salt tolerance in early Green Revolution CIMMYT wheats

Twenty-five genotypes of early CIMMYT hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were screened for salt tolerance in a glasshouse experiment at 150 mol m−3 NaCl in sand culture. The genotypes Na(20)TPP, Penjamo 62, and Inia 66 exceeded all the lines in grain yield per plant under salt stress, whereas Nainari 60 and Norin 10 were the lowest of all genotypes. However, Jaral 66 and Yaqui 54 were the lowest of all the genotypes in all growth and yield attributes. Considerable variation in accumulation of Na+ and Cl− in different plant parts of 25 genotypes of early CIMMYT wheat under salt stress was observed. The genotype Noreste 66 was the lowest in leaf Na+ and Cl−, and it had highest leaf K/Na ratio and K versus Na selectivity of all the genotypes, but in terms of growth and grain yield, it was moderately tolerant. The other genotype Norin 10 was the highest in leaf Na+ and Cl− of all genotypes, but its leaf K/Na ratio and K versus Na selectivity were considerably low. However, in shoot biomass it was the highest and in grain yield the lowest of all genotypes. In view of phylogenetic lineage of the genotypes, most of the genotypes have evolved from Norin 10, so the trait of high uptake of Na+ and Cl− in most genotypes may have been inherited from Norin 10. The ion exclusion trait in the moderately salt tolerant genotype Noreste 66 was possibly inherited from Yaqui 50 as it was the only among all putative parents which showed low uptake of toxic ions. Overall, owing to the complex nature of the salt tolerance trait being controlled by polygenes, it was not easy to draw relationships between degree of salt tolerance and pattern of uptake of toxic ions and maintenance of leaf K/Na ratios. However, from the phylogenetic lineage of the 25 genotypes it was possible to draw relationships between degree of salt tolerance and mechanism of ion uptake between parents and progeny.