Demonstration of rapid multiplex PCR amplification involving 16 genetic loci

Current forensic DNA typing is conducted in approximately 8–10 h. Steps include DNA extraction, quantification, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of multiple short tandem repeat (STR) loci, capillary electrophoresis separation with fluorescence detection, data analysis and DNA profile interpretation. The PCR amplification portion of the workflow typically takes approximately 3 h with standard thermal cycling protocols. Here we demonstrate a rapid cycling protocol that amplifies 15 STR loci and the sex-typing marker amelogenin from the Identifiler STR typing kit in less than 36 min. This rapid protocol employs commercially available polymerases and the widely used GeneAmp 9700 thermal cycler. Complete concordance of STR allele calls (for 60 samples) between the rapid and standard thermal cycling protocols were observed although there was incomplete adenylation at several of the loci examined and some PCR artifacts were detected. Using less than 750 pg of template DNA and 28 cycles, STR peaks for all loci were above a 150 relative fluorescent unit (RFU) detection threshold with fully adequate inter-locus balance and heterozygote peak height ratios of greater than 0.84.