Effect of memantine: A NMDA receptor blocker, on ethambutol-induced retinal injury
Keywords: Neural retina; Memantine; NMDA receptors; Ethambutol; GFAP; Bcl-2;
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Short- and long-term effects of neonatal pharmacotherapy with epigallocatechin-3-gallate on hippocampal development in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome
Keywords: BrdU; 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine; DG; dentate gyrus; DS; Down syndrome; DYRK1A; dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A; EGCG; epigallocatechin-3-gallate; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; H; hilus; IHC; immunohistochemistry; LSD; L
Connexin43 in retinal injury and disease
Keywords: Connexin; Connexin43; Gap junction; AMD; Diabetic retinopathy; Glaucoma; Retinal ischemia; AMD; Age related macular degeneration; ATP; Adenosine triphosphate; cAMP; Cyclic adenosine monophosphate; EEG; electroencephalogram; GFAP; Glial fibrillary acidic p
Astrocytes in physiological aging and Alzheimer's disease
Keywords: 3xTg-AD; triple transgenic mice model of Alzheimer's disease; AD; Alzheimer's disease; APP; amyloid precursor protein; ATP; adenosine triphosphate; CA1; Cornu Ammonis 1; CNS; Central nervous system; DG; dentate gyrus; GABA; γ-aminobutyric acid; GFAP;
Neurogenic effect of VEGF is related to increase of astrocytes transdifferentiation into new mature neurons in rat brains after stroke
Keywords: Stroke; Neural network; Neurogenesis; Neurovascular unit; Astroglial; BrdU; 5â²-bromodeoxyuridine; EGFP; enhanced green fluorescence protein; FC; fluorocitrate; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; GFP; green fluorescent protein; MAP-2; microtubule-ass
Induced cortical neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia - Three active components from Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction
Keywords: HLJDD; Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction; BrdU; 5-bromodeoxyuridine; TCM; Traditional Chinese Medicine; pMACO; permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion; CNS; Central Nervous System; VEGF; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; Ang; Angiopoietin; qRT-PCR; quantit
Macrophage-mediated inflammation and glial response in the skeletal muscle of a rat model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Keywords: α-BTX; alpha-bungarotoxin; AChR; acetylcholine receptor; ALS; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ANOVA; analysis of variance; BBB; Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan hindlimb locomotor rating; BVC; bupivacaine hydrochloride; CD11b; cluster of differentiation 11b; C
Morphine sulfate concomitantly decreases neuronal differentiation and opioid receptor expression in mouse embryonic stem cells
Keywords: bFGF; basic fibroblast growth factor; DMEM; Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium; DMEM-ITS; Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin, and selenium; DOR; δ-opioid receptor; EB cells; embryoid body cells; EGF; epiderm
Astrocyte plasticity induced by emotional stress: A new partner in psychiatric physiopathology?
Keywords: AQP4; aquaporin 4; ATP; adenosine triphosphate; CUS; chronic unpredictable stress; Cx43; connexin 43; FGF2; astrocytic fibroblast growth factor; GABA; gamma aminobutyric acid; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; GLAST; glutamate aspartate transporter a
Role of P-glycoprotein in mediating rivastigmine effect on amyloid-β brain load and related pathology in Alzheimer's disease mouse model
Keywords: ABCA1; ATP-binding cassette sub-family A, member 1; APP; amyloid precursor protein; ACh; acetylcholine; AD; Alzheimer's disease; Aβ; amyloid-β; BBB; blood-brain barrier; BSA; bovine serum albumin; ChEIs; Cholinesterase inhibitors, ELISA, enzyme-linked
Effects of perinatal exposure to lead (Pb) on purine receptor expression in the brain and gliosis in rats tolerant to morphine analgesia
Keywords: Lead (Pb); Purine receptors expression; P2X4; P2X7; A1; Iba1; GFAP; Morphine tolerance; Astrocytosis; Neurodegeneration;
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells expressing a self-antigen ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Keywords: 7-AAD; 7-aminoactinomycin D; DMEM; Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; EGFP; enhanced green fluorescent protein; EAE; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; EU; European Union; FBS; fetal bovine serum; GEE; generalized estimating equation; GFAP; glial
Deferoxamine-mediated up-regulation of HIF-1α prevents dopaminergic neuronal death via the activation of MAPK family proteins in MPTP-treated mice
Keywords: α-Syn; α-Synuclein; AD; Alzheimer's disease; APP; amyloid precursor protein; BBB; blood-brain barrier; DAB; 3,3â²-Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride; DFO; deferoxamine; DMEM; Dulbecco's minimum essential medium; DMSO; dimethyl sulfoxide; DMT1; dival
Hypertension impairs hippocampus-related adult neurogenesis, CA1 neuron dendritic arborization and long-term memory
Keywords: 2K1C; 2 kidneys, 1 clip method; BDNF; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; BrdU; 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine; DCX; doublecortin; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; Iba1; ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1; POD; post-operation day; SH; spontaneously h
Intraventricular administration of endoneuraminidase-N facilitates ectopic migration of subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cells into 6-OHDA lesioned striatum of mice
Keywords: 6-OHDA; 6-hydroxydopamine; ANOVA; analysis of variance; BrdU; bromodeoxyuridine; DA; dopaminergic; DCX; doublecortin; Endo-N; endoneuraminidase-N; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; NPCs; neural progenitor cells; PD; Parkinson's disease; PSA-NCAM; pol
Neuroplasticity and MRI: A perfect match
Keywords: AChEI; Acetyl choline esterase inhibitor; AD; Axial diffusivity; ADC; Apparent diffusion coefficient; ASL; Arterial spin labeling; BBB; Blood-brain barrier; BDNF; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; BrdU; Bromodeoxyuridine; BOLD; Blood-oxygenation level-
Cerebellar Enterogenous Cyst with Atypical Appearance and Pathological Findings
Keywords: Basement membrane; Cerebellum; Enterogenous cyst; Immunohistochemistry; CAM; Cell adhesion molecule; CEA; Carcinoembryonic antigen; CSF; Cerebrospinal fluid; DWI; Diffusion-weighted imaging; FLAIR; Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; GFAP; Glial fibrilla
Acrylamide affects proliferation and differentiation of the neural progenitor cell line C17.2 and the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y
Keywords: BDNF; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; BrdUrd; 5-bromo-2â²-deoxyuridine; BSA; bovine serum albumin; DMEM/F12; Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium:Nutrient mixture F-12; DMSO; dimethyl sulfoxide; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; MTT; 3-[4,5-dimethyl
Reversal of neurochemical alterations in the spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia by Mas-related gene (Mrg) receptors in a rat model of spinal nerve injury
Keywords: BAM8-22; bovine adrenal medulla 8-22; CREB; cyclic AMP response element-binding protein; DMEM; Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; DRG; dorsal root ganglion or ganglia; ERK; extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein;
Involvement of P2X7 receptors in retinal ganglion cell apoptosis induced by activated Müller cells
Keywords: Glaucoma; Müller cell gliosis; Retinal ganglion cell; Apoptosis; P2X7 receptor; BBG; brilliant blue G; CM; conditioned culture medium; COH; chronic ocular hypertension; CNS; central nervous system; DAG; diacylglycerol; DHPG; (S)-3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycin
Long-term tracing of the BrdU label-retaining cells in adult rat brain
Keywords: BrdU; 5-bromo-2â²-deoxyuridine; BSA; bovine serum albumin; DAB; 3,3â²-diaminobenzidine; DAPI; 4â²,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DG; dentate gyrus; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; HRP; horseradish peroxidase; LRCs; Label-retaining cells; LV; latera
The interplay between hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes in an in vitro model of NASH
Keywords: HSC; hepatic stellate cells; ECM; extracellular matrix; FFA; free fatty acids; SCC; Simultaneous Co-Culture; NAFLD; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; MMPs; matrix metalloproteinases; TIMPs; inhibitors of metalloproteinases; MMP2; gelatinase A; COL1; coll
Up-regulation of glutamine synthesis in microglia activated with endotoxin
Keywords: ATP; adenosine 5â²-triphosphate; DMEM; Dulbecco's modified essential medium; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; GLAST; glutamate-aspartate transporter; Gln; glutamine; GLT-1; glutamate transporter-1; Glu; glutamate; GS; glutamine synthetase; HRP;
Critical role of JSAP1 and JLP in axonal transport in the cerebellar Purkinje cells of mice
Keywords: APP; amyloid precursor protein; cDKO; conditional double KO; cKO; conditional KO; cTKO; conditional triple KO; Cyt c; cytochrome c; DAPI; 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DCN; deep cerebellar nuclei; floxed; loxP-flanked; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protei
Spinal cord injury induces a long-lasting upregulation of interleukin-1β in astrocytes around the central canal
Keywords: BSA; Bovine Serum Albumin; BSB; Blood-Spinal Barrier; GFAP; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; IL-1β; interleukin-1β; NPCs; neural stem/precursor cells; cytokines; neural stem cell; contusion; neuroinflammation;
The effects of JM-20 on the glutamatergic system in synaptic vesicles, synaptosomes and neural cells cultured from rat brain
Keywords: JM-20; Glutamatergic system; Synaptic vesicle; Synaptosomes; Astrocytes; Neurons; VGLUTs; vesicular glutamate transporters; V-ATPase; vacuolar-type ATPases; JM-20; 3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-4,11-dihydro-1H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepin
Research Articleβ-PDGF receptor expressed by hepatic stellate cells regulates fibrosis in murine liver injury, but not carcinogenesis
Keywords: β-PDGFR; beta platelet-derived growth factor receptor; HCV; hepatitis C virus; CCl4; carbon tetrachloride; DEN; diethyl nitrosamine; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; BDL; bile duct ligation; bw; body weight; AST; aspartate aminotransferase; ALT; al
Increased neurotrophic factor levels in ventral mesencephalic cultures do not explain the protective effect of osteopontin and the synthetic 15-mer RGD domain against MPPÂ + toxicity
Keywords: 6-OHDA; 6-hydroxydopamine; BDNF; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; ED-1; ectodermal dysplasia 1; GDNF; glial-derived neurotrophic factor; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; MPPÂ +; 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; MPTP; 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahyd
Immunohistochemical study of Krüppel-like factor 4 in the spinal cords of rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Keywords: ABC; avidin-biotin-peroxidase-complex; CFA; complete Fruend's adjuvant; CNS; central nervous system; EAE; Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; FITC; fluorescein isothiocyanate; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; iNOS; inducible nitric oxide
GFAP antibodies show protective effect on oxidatively stressed neuroretinal cells via interaction with ERP57
Keywords: Neuroprotection; Glaucoma; Autoimmunity; GFAP; ERP57Hsp, heat shock protein; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; endoplasmatic reticulum resident protein 57, ERP57; glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP
Memantine exerts functional recovery by improving BDNF and GDNF expression in 3-nitropropionic acid intoxicated mice
Keywords: Memantine; 3NP; BDNF; GDNF; NeuN; GFAP;
Regulation of hippocampal Fas receptor and death-inducing signaling complex after kainic acid treatment in mice
Keywords: DISC; death inducing signaling complex; FADD; Fas-associated death domain protein; FLIP; FADD-like interleukin-1β-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; JNK; c-Jun N-terminal kinase; KA; kainic acid; HP1α; heterochr
Toxic effect of aflatoxin B1 and the role of recovery on the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus
Keywords: Aflatoxin B1; Cerebral cortex; Hippocampus; Histopathology; GFAP; NeuN
Autophagic flux determination in vivo and ex vivo
Keywords: ATP; adenosine triphosphate; BBB; blood brain barrier; BRB; blood retinal barrier; BGT; BSA/glycine/Triton X-100; BSA; bovine serum albumin; CNS; central nervous system; DABCO; 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; DAPI; 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochlor
Are PrPCs involved in some human myelin diseases? Relating experimental studies to human pathology
Keywords: Abs; antibodies; Akt; cytoplasmic serine-threonine kinase from Ak mouse strain thymoma; AT; anti-TNF-α; Cbl; cobalamin; Cbl-D; Cbl-deficient; CNS; central nervous system; CoA; coenzyme A; CSF; cerebrospinal fluid; EGF; epidermal growth factor; GFAP; gl
FGL-functionalized self-assembling nanofiber hydrogel as a scaffold for spinal cord-derived neural stem cells
Keywords: RADA16; AcN-RADARADARADARADA-CONH2; FGL; AcN-EVYVVAENQQGKSKA-CONH2; RADA16-FGL; AcN-RADARADARADARADAGGEVYVVAENQQGKSKA-CONH2; FGLmx; the mixed solution of RADA16 and RADA16-FGL solution; AFM; atomic force microscopy; CD; circular dichroism; SC-NSCs; spinal
Immunocytochemical localization of DNA double-strand breaks in human and rat brains
Keywords: ATM; ataxia telangiectasia, mutated; EDTA; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; GAD-67; glutamic acid decarboxylase 67; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; KPBS; potassium phosphate buffer saline; NHEJ; non-homologous end-joining; anterior hypothalamus; co
Localization of aquaporin 1 water channel in the Schmidt-Lanterman incisures and the paranodal regions of the rat sciatic nerve
Keywords: AQP; aquaporin; DAB; 3,3â²-diaminobenzidine; DRG; dorsal root ganglia; EDTA; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; EGTA; ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; MBP; myelin basic protein; PBS-A; Ca++ and Mg++ free phosphate-bu
Rhodiola crenulata inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling in glioblastoma
Keywords: Rhodiola; Glioblastoma; Wnt; β-Catenin; GFAP; Differentiation
Oxygen regulates proliferation of neural stem cells through Wnt/β-catenin signalling
Keywords: ARNT; aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator; BrdU; 5-bromo-2â²-deoxyuridine; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; Hif; hypoxia-inducible factor; IWP; inhibitor of Wnt production; IWR; inhibitor of Wnt response; Map2; microtubule-associated pro
Alteration of major vault protein in human glioblastoma and its relation with EGFR and PTEN status
Keywords: EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor; EGFRvIII; EGFR variant III mutation; FISH; fluorescent in situ hybridization; GBM; glioblastoma; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; HPFs; high-power fields; KPS; Karnofsky performance status; MLPA; multiplex lig
PAX transcription factors in neural crest development
Keywords: BMP; bone morphogenetic protein; CDH syndrome; Craniofacial-Deafness-Hand syndrome; Cdx; gene of the caudal homeobox gene family; E n; mouse embryonic day n (e.g. E16); FGF; fibroblast growth factor; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; GRN; gene regula
Melanocortin 4 receptor activates ERK-cFos pathway to increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in rat astrocytes and hypothalamus
Keywords: α-MSH; α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; AC; adenylate cyclase; BDNF; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CREB; cAMP responsive element binding protein; DAPI; 4â²,6-diamido-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride; ERK; extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GFAP
Inhibition of mTOR pathway restrains astrocyte proliferation, migration and production of inflammatory mediators after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation
Keywords: Mammalian target of rapamycin; Reactive astrogliosis; Oxygen-glucose deprivation; Proliferation; Migration; Inflammation mediator; EdU; 5-ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine; mTOR; mammalian target of rapamycin; p-mTOR; phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin;
Research ReportSustained delivery of chondroitinase ABC by poly(propylene carbonate)-chitosan micron fibers promotes axon regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord hemisection
Keywords: PPC; polypropylene carbonate; dbcAMP; dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate; SCI; spinal cord injury; CO2; carbon dioxide; SEM; scanning electron microscopy; GAP-43; growth-associated protein 43; NF-200; neurofilament-200; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic
Aging and a long-term diabetes mellitus increase expression of 1 α-hydroxylase and vitamin D receptors in the rat liver
Keywords: DM; diabetes mellitus; VDR; vitamin D receptor; 1α-OHase; 1 α-hydroxylase; DM1; diabetes mellitus type 1; RXR; retinoid X receptors; STZ; streptozotocin; DAPI; 4â²,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; PBS; phosphate buffer saline; SD; standard deviation; GFAP;
β-Catenin is required for maintaining hippocampal morphology during the perinatal period
Keywords: BCIP; 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-phosphate; BSA; Bovine Serum Albumin; CA; Cornu Ammonis; CKO; conditional knockout; DG; dentate gyrus; EDTA; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; ISH; In situ hybridization; NBT; nitro bl
Probenecid protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting lysosomal and inflammatory damage in rats
Keywords: 4-VO; four-vessel occlusion; CCAs; common carotid arteries; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; I/R; ischemia/reperfusion; Iba-1; ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1; IOD; integrated optical density; ip; intraperitoneally; iv; intravenously; NMD
Regular ArticleEnzyme replacement therapy of a novel humanized mouse model of globoid cell leukodystrophy
Keywords: AAV; adeno-associated virus; CNS; central nervous system; ERT; enzyme replacement therapy; ES; embryonic stem (cell); GALC; galactosylceramidase; G-CSF; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; GLD; globoid cell leukod
Research ReportLigustilide prevents cognitive impairment and attenuates neurotoxicity in d-galactose induced aging mice brain
Keywords: LIG; ligustilide; RAS; Radix Angelica sinensis; d-gal; d-galactose; ROS; reactive oxygen species; AGEs; advanced glycation end products; MDA; malondialdehyde; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; GAP-43; growth associated protein-43; MWM; Morris water m