Morphology and molecular orientation in sexithiophene and N,N′-bis (n-octyl)-dicyanoperylenediimide heterostructures

We report on the growth mode of N,N′-bis (n-octyl)-dicyanoperylenediimide (PDI-8CN2) on sexithiophene (T6) thin films, studied with different structural, morphological and optical techniques. We aim to individuate the most favorable conditions for the realization of heterostructure devices. The crystalline quality was established by X-ray patterns and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) images, and found to be generally high. The anisotropic optical constants extracted from ellipsometry measurements shed light on the mean molecular orientation in the PDI-8CN2 film. AFM images evidence two different growth modes: at T6 thickness less than 2 monolayers (ML), the growth of PDI-8CN2 on T6 is favored with respect to SiO2, while, at higher thickness (2-6 ML), the situation is reversed. An optimum T6 underlayer thickness of approximately 1 ML provides the best quality of PDI-8CN2 layer corresponding to the highest island dimension, the highest molecular order parameter, and the lowest roughness. Spectrum broadening was observed for extinction coefficient of PDI-8CN2 in the heterostructures, as compared with a sole material film, and explained by two effects: increase in molecular disorder and formation of charge transfer complexes.