DNA vaccine encoding the moonlighting protein Onchocerca volvulus glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Ov-GAPDH) leads to partial protection in a mouse model of human filariasis

BALB/c mouse pictures used in the graphical abstract were taken from the website of Taconic Biosciences: http://www.taconic.com/balb. The schematic picture of a human being as well as the subcutaneous Onchocerca volvulus nodule and the picture of the Onchocerca volvulus adult worms used in the depiction of the principle of cross-immunization, can be found on the WHO website: http://www.who.int/apoc/onchocerciasis/lifecycle/en/http://www.who.int/apoc/media/adult_worms.JPG. The picture of Litomosoides sigmodontis L3 can be found on the website of the University of Tübingen: http://www.oncholab-sokode.de/forsch.htm. Syringe pictures were purchased from: http://www.dreamstime.com/vvostal_info#res11064437. The Litomosoides sigmodontis microfilariae and adult worms symbolizing the parasitic readout of the experiments were drawn in the style of the CDC Onchocerca volvulus life cycle: http://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/images/onchocerciasis/O_volvulus_LifeCycle.gif.141