Human leukocyte antigen associations with humoral and cellular immunity following a second dose of measles-containing vaccine: Persistence, dampening, and extinction of associations found after a first dose

► Significant associations were found with class I HLA-B (p = 0.05) as well as class II HLA-DPB1 (p = 0.01) and -DPA1 (p = 0.03) genes for measles vaccine-induced antibody levels after the second dose. ► Second dose of measles vaccine overcomes HLA restriction through an as yet unknown mechanism. ► Class I and class II HLA molecules may act as restriction elements for the recognition of measles virus peptides by human T cells.