Biogenic amine determination in wines using solid-phase extraction: A comparative study

Biogenic amines in wine usually are analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography after direct derivatization. A method of isolation based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) with mixed-mode resins (Oasis MCX, reverse-phase and ion exchange) was developed. The different stages of the isolation process (loading, elution and washing) were optimized to obtain a simple procedure that yields a clean chromatogram. The relative standard deviation (%RSD) of the retention times and relative areas was less than 0.3% and 6%, respectively. Limits of quantification were lower than 0.16 mg L−1 for all the amines and the linear range of concentration was 0.16–8 mg L−1 for putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine, and up to 10 mg L−1 for histamine.