Determination of phenolic compounds in grape skin by capillary electrophoresis with simultaneous dual fluorescence and diode array absorption detection after dynamic superheated liquid leaching

A fast method for the analysis of 10 of the characteristic compounds of the phenolic fraction in grape skin is proposed here. The method is based on a leaching step by superheated ethanol–water at 120 °C and 80 bar, which enables to maintain the leachant in liquid state and wide the range of leachable compounds (polar, mid-polar and relatively non-polar compounds) by decrease of the dielectric constant; thus, allowing high leaching efficiencies to be achieved in 30 min. After leaching, the target analytes were separated by capillary electrophoresis using a 50 mM sodium tetraborate with 10% methanol (pH 8.4) solution as background electrolyte. Determination was performed by simultaneous dual diode array absorption and fluorescence detection, the combination of which increased the selectivity of the overall method, particularly interesting taking into account the complexity of the leachate as no additional concentration and/or clean-up steps were required prior to electrophoretic separation, which lasted only 10 min. The short time of the electrophoretic step makes it useful as a screening tool of the target analytes in commercial and non-commercial extracts belonging to the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, nutraceutical or food fields.