Recent advances in matrix solid-phase dispersion

This review updates our knowledge on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), a sample-preparation technique that is increasingly used for the extraction of organic environmental pollutants and drugs from a variety of solid, semi-solid and viscous environmental and biological matrices. In the last few years, MSPD has also become an extraction method for naturally-occurring compounds. MSPD is primarily used because of its flexibility, selectivity, and the possibility of performing extraction and clean-up in one step, which result in rapid pre-treatment and low solvent consumption. We examine technical developments and trends, and discuss parameters influencing the extraction yield and selectivity. We compare and review experimental results for the analysis of several different classes of compounds in a wide variety of matrices.