Theoretical study of O- and Zn-face polarity effect on the optical properties of the conventional and staggered ZnO/Zn1 − xCdxO/ZnO quantum wells

• Effect of polar face on properties of Zn1 − xCdxO quantum wells (QWs) was studied.
• O-face staggered QWs were found to possess improved optical properties.
• Sensitivity of transition energy to well width was found to be weaker for O-face QW.
• Using of the embedded layer in QW reduces quantum confinement Stark effect.

In this work we present a comparative study of Zn-face and O-face polarity Zn1 − xCdxO-based conventional and staggered quantum-well (QW) structures. The calculation of optical properties of QWs was performed by means of self-consistent Schrodinger–Poisson solver with consideration of polarization-induced effects. The conventional Zn-face and O-face QWs possess similar values of transition energy and an overlap of electron and hole wave functions. A change of the polarity from Zn-face to O-face for the conventional QWs influences only a shape of the conduction and valence band edge profile. It is revealed that the utilization of the staggered QWs leads to an improvement of the confinement characteristics. In addition, the O-face staggered QW structure has larger values of transition energy and overlap integral compared to the Zn-face staggered QW structure. O-terminated staggered QW structure is less dependent on the well thickness and has lower sensitivity to Cd content in embedded Zn1 − xCdxO layer. Control of the material polarity and design of the staggered QWs provide cost-effective approach for engineering the QW band structures with enhanced QW performance. This enables constructing of the Zn1 − xCdxO-based light emission diodes with improved radiative efficiency emitting, applicable for solid state lighting.