Study on the antimony tin oxide as a hole injection layer for polymer light emitting diodes

► Antimony tin oxide (ATO) was introduced as a hole injection layer (HIL) in PLEDs. ► The work function and pH of ATO were − 5.1 eV and ~ 7.5, respectively. ► Conductivity of ATO was ~ 0.18 S/cm, which represents good HIL characteristics. ► Brightness and efficiency were increased by 33% and 20% respectively.