کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
1668992 | 1008878 | 2011 | 4 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Effect of copper-deficiency on multi-stage co-evaporated Cu(In,Ga)S2 absorber layers and solar cells
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موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه
مهندسی مواد
فناوری نانو (نانو تکنولوژی)
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چکیده انگلیسی
Solar cell absorber films of Cu(In,Ga)S2 have been fabricated by multi-stage co-evaporation resulting in compositional ratios [Cu]/([In]Â +Â [Ga])Â =Â 0.93-0.99 and [Ga]/([In]Â +Â [Ga])Â =Â 0.15. Intentional doping is provided by sodium supplied from NaF precursor layers of different thicknesses. Phases, structure and morphology of the resulting films are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy. The XRD patterns show CuIn5S8 thiospinel formation predominantly at the surface in order to accommodate decreasing Cu content. Correlated with the CuIn5S8 formation, a Ga-enrichment of the chalcopyrite phase is seen at the surface. Since no CuS layer is present on the as-deposited films, functioning solar cells with CdS buffer and ZnO window layers were fabricated without KCN etch. The open-circuit voltage of solar cells correlates with the copper content and with the amount of sodium supplied. The highest efficiency cell (open-circuit voltage 738Â mV, short-circuit current 19.3Â mA/cm2, fill factor 65%, efficiency 9.3%) is based on the absorber with the least Cu deficiency, [Cu]/([In]Â +Â [Ga])Â =Â 0.99. The activation energy of the diode saturation current density of such a cell is extracted from temperature- and illumination-dependent current-voltage measurements. A value of 1.04Â eV, less than the band gap, suggests the heterojunction interface as the dominant recombination zone, just as in cells based on Cu-rich grown Cu(In,Ga)S2.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Thin Solid Films - Volume 519, Issue 21, 31 August 2011, Pages 7224-7227
Journal: Thin Solid Films - Volume 519, Issue 21, 31 August 2011, Pages 7224-7227
نویسندگان
B. Marsen, H. Wilhelm, L. Steinkopf, S. Klemz, T. Unold, R. Scheer, H.-W. Schock,