Planar to cage mode switching in carbon nanostructure growth on bimetallic micro-scrolls

The thermal stress generated by the bimetallic layer of the scroll induces the switching of the growth mode from being in a tightly stacking planar mode to a loosely stacking cage mode. Tightly stacked carbon layers grown at 300 °C are consisted of nanoscale graphite, but loosely stacked carbon strips, which are stacks of decoupled graphene layers, are grown at 350 °C. However, carbon structures grown on the scrolls at 375 °C are nano-onion.