Bone morphogenetic protein-2 promotes the haptotactic migration of murine osteoblastic and osteosarcoma cells by enhancing incorporation of integrin β1 into lipid rafts

Cell migration is essential for both organogenesis and tumor progression. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are reported to be critical for not only bone formation but also tumor invasion. Here, we found that treatment with recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) enhanced the haptotactic response of murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 and osteosarcoma Dunn cells to various extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including fibronectin, type I collagen, and laminin-1. Function-blocking antibody against integrin α5β1 partially inhibited haptotaxis to fibronectin, suggesting that the response was propagated via these integrins. rhBMP-2 slightly increased the expression level of integrin β1, and enhanced the speed of cell spreading on fibronectin, focal adhesion formation and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at Tyr397. By means of sucrose gradient flotation, incorporation of integrin β1 in fractions of detergent (CHAPS) resistant membrane was increased when the cells were treated with rhBMP-2. Further, treatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin to deplete membrane cholesterol abrogated the effect of rhBMP-2 on haptotaxis, and exogenously added cholesterol reversed this inhibitory effect. Collectively, these results provide insights into the mechanism by which BMP signaling enhances cell migration by modulating fibronectin-integrin β1 signaling via cholesterol enriched membrane microdomains, lipid rafts.