Evaluation of Hydrophilic Permeant Transport Parameters in the Localized and Non-Localized Transport Regions of Skin Treated Simultaneously With Low-Frequency Ultrasound and Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

The porosity (ε), the tortuosity (τ), and the hindrance factor (H) of the aqueous pore channels located in the localized transport regions (LTRs) and the non-LTRs formed in skin treated simultaneously with low-frequency ultrasound (US) and the surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), were evaluated for the delivery of four hydrophilic permeants (urea, mannitol, raffinose, and inulin) by analyzing dual-radiolabeled diffusion masking experiments for three different idealized cases of the aqueous pore pathway hypothesis. When ε and τ were assumed to be independent of the permeant radius, H was found to be statistically larger in the LTRs than in the non-LTRs. When a distribution of pore radii was assumed to exist in the skin, no statistical differences in ε, τ, and H were observed due to the large variation in the pore radii distribution shape parameter (3 Å to infinity). When infinitely large aqueous pores were assumed to exist in the skin, ε was found to be 3-8-fold greater in the LTRs than in the non-LTRs, while little difference was observed in the LTRs and in the non-LTRs for τ. This last result suggests that the efficacy of US/SLS treatment may be enhanced by increasing the porosity of the non-LTRs. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 97:906-918, 2008