Down-regulation of aldo–keto reductase AKR1B10 gene expression by a phorbol ester via the ERK/c-Jun signaling pathway

• Phorbol ester, TPA, down-regulated AKR1B10 expression in A549 cells.
• ERK pathway followed by c-Jun induction was involved in the effects of TPA.
• TPA suppressed A549 cell growth in a similar manner as well as AKR expression.
• AKR1B10 expression is closely related to cell proliferation.

AKR1B10 is a human member of the aldo–keto reductase (AKR) superfamily, and is considered to be a tumor biomarker because its expression is known to be significantly induced in the cells of various cancers such as lung non-small-cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of its gene remain unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), down-regulated the expression of the AKR1B10 gene in the human lung cancer cell line, A549. The treatment of A549 cells with TPA for 24 h significantly reduced the mRNA levels, protein levels, and promoter activity of AKR1B10 as well as the growth of A549 cells. TPA induced the phosphorylation of the MAP kinase, ERK, and U0126, an inhibitor of the MAP kinase kinase, MEK1, blocked the down-regulation of AKR1B10 by TPA, indicating that the MAP kinase ERK plays a role in regulating the expression of AKR1B10. TPA also induced c-jun gene expression in an ERK-dependent manner. The co-introduction of the c-Jun protein resulted in a decrease in the mRNA levels and promoter activity of AKR1B10 as well as A549 cell proliferation. These results suggested that the ERK/c-Jun signaling pathway may play an important role in the TPA-triggered down-regulation of AKR1B10 gene expression.