Protective effects of naringenin on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute nephrotoxicity in mouse kidney

• Aim: Naringenin (NGN) protection against renal toxicity induced by CCl4 in mice.
• The inhibition of antioxidant enzymes activity induced by CCl4 was prevented by NGN.
• Pre-treatment with NGN decreased lipid peroxidation significantly.
• Structural and ultrastructural alteration of kidney was prevented by NGN treatment.
• NGN showed antioxidant and renal protective effects against injury induced by CCl4.

The ability of naringenin (NGN) to protect the kidney against CCl4-induced renal toxicity in male Swiss mice was investigated. The flavonoid was given orally to mice for 7 days and then on the 8th day, these were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mmol/kg CCl4. When the toxicant was administrated alone, an increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was observed and a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) specific activities as well as glutathione (GSH) levels was detected after 24 h. These were accompanied by glomerular and tubular degenerations, vascular congestion, necrosis and fatty changes. Marked collagen deposition and strong TGF-β1 expression were observed mainly in the mesangial cells of the glomeruli and tubulointerstitial areas. Ultrastructural investigations showed proximal and distal tubular epithelial cells alterations including numerous lysosomes and dense granular bodies, altered mitochondria, appearance of “myeloid bodies” and basal enfolding dilatation. Pre-treatment with NGN resulted in the return of biochemical markers to control values. Histopathological and electron-microscopic examinations confirmed the biochemical results. In conclusion, NGN showed antioxidant and renal protective effects against injuries induced by CCl4.