Strength reduction and step-loading finite element approaches in geotechnical engineering

:The finite element limit analysis method has the advantages of both numerical and traditional limit equilibrium techniques and it is particularly useful to geotechnical engineering. This method has been developed in China, following well-accepted international procedures, to enhance understanding of stability issues in a number of geotechnical settings. Great advancements have been made in basic theory, the improvement of computational precision, and the broadening of practical applications. This paper presents the results of research on (1) the efficient design of embedded anti-slide piles, (2) the stability analysis of reservoir slopes with strength reduction theory, and (3) the determination of the ultimate bearing capacity of foundations using step-loading FEM (overloading). These three applications are evidence of the design improvements and benefits made possible in geotechnical engineering by finite element modeling.