Catastrophic mechanism of coal and gas outbursts and their prevention and control

Based on the engineering observations of coal and gas outbursts during mining processes and the experimental results, we built a thin plate mechanical model for layered and spalled coal bodies. We studied the mechanical mechanism of outbursts, due to instability, of thin plates of coal rocks under the action of in-plane load and normal load, by using the catastrophe theory. The total potential function is derived for the layered rock system, the cusp catastrophe model for the system is established, the bifurcation set that makes the system unstable is given, the process in which gradual change of action forces leads to catastrophic change of state is analyzed, and the effect of movement path of point (P, q) in the control space on the stability of rock plate is analyzed. The study results show that during the process of coal mining, the stability of the layered coal bodies depends not only on its physical properties and dimensions but also on the magnitudes and changing paths of the in-plane load and the normal load. When the gas in the coal bodies ahead of the mining face is pre-drained, the gas pressure can be reduced and the normal load q can be lowered. Consequently, disasters such as coal and gas outbursts can be effectively prevented.