The Assessment of Changes in Cognitive Functioning: Age-, Education-, and Gender-Specific Reliable Change Indices for Older Adults Tested on the CERAD-NP Battery: Results of the German Study on Ageing, Cognition, and Dementia in Primary Care Patients (Age

Smaller changes in CERAD-NP test scores can be interpreted with only high uncertainty because of probable measurement error, practice effects, and normal age-related cognitive decline. This study, for the first time, provides age-, education-, and gender-specific CERAD-NP reference values on the basis of RCI methods for the interpretation of cognitive changes in older-age groups.