Finite element analysis and fragility curves for the evaluation of restoration mortars behavior regarding the earthquake protection of historic structures

• For PGA ≥0.24 g, the probability of occurrence of serious damage is 59%.
• By using restoration mortar up to 15% of bed joint and for PGA=0.40, the failure percentage is 12–30%.
• Better protection is reported for lime/cement mortar followed by hydraulic lime and lime/metakaolin mortars.

The target of this study is the evaluation of repair mortar contribution to the dynamic behavior of Kaisariani Monastery in Athens, by using the tools of finite element analysis and fragility curves. Three types of mortars (concrete) are designed in order to simulate the Hagia Sophia historic mortar, by using different binding material: lime/metakaolin, hydraulic lime, lime/cement. In the developed model the mechanical characteristics of the designed mortars are used. In addition, fragility curves were developed and their results indicated that for the current situation of Kaisariani Monastery and for peak ground acceleration (PGA) value ≥0.24 g, the probability of occurrence of serious damage is 59%. For PGA=0.36 g an overall failure happened. For PGA=0.40 and by using restoration mortar up to 15% of the total bed joint the failure percentage reduces in the range of 12–30%. Better protection is reported for lime/cement mix design followed by hydraulic lime and lime/metakaolin.