Discrete modelling of vertical track–soil coupling for vehicle–track dynamics

This paper presents a coupled lumped mass model (CLM model) for the vertical dynamic coupling of railway track through the soil. The well-known Winkler model and its extensions are analysed and fitted on the result obtained numerically with a finite–infinite element model in order to validate the approach in a preliminary step. A mass–spring–damper system with frequency independent parameters is then proposed for the interaction between the foundations, representing the contact area of the track with the soil. The frequency range of track–soil coupling is typically under 100 Hz. Analytical expressions are derived for calibrating the system model with homogeneous and layered half-spaces. Numerical examples are derived, with emphasis on soil stiffness and layering. The dynamic analysis of a track on various foundation models is compared with a complete track–soil model, showing that the proposed CLM model captures the dynamic interaction of the track with the soil and is reliable to predict the vertical track deflection and the reaction forces acting on the soil surface.

► To develop an existing vehicle/track model for including the soil impedance.
► To present a simple method for taking into account the direct and indirect impedances.
► To validate the proposed method with fully 3D soil model, using various simulation cases.