Bioluminescent monitoring of detoxification processes: Activity of humic substances in quinone solutions

This study deals with application of bioluminescent assay systems to evaluate the detoxifying effect of humic substances (HS) on the solutions of organic oxidizers – quinones. A series of homologous quinones with different redox characteristics: 1,4-benzoquinone, tetrafluoro-1,4-benzoquinone, methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, and 1,4-naphtoquinone, was used. Bioluminescent bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum, and NADH:FMN-oxidoreductase-luciferase enzyme system isolated from these bacteria were used as assay systems. The toxicity was compared in the presence and in the absence of HS. Variation of complexity of bioassays (in vivo or in vitro) combined with spectrometric and microscopic methods, provides insight into the process of detoxification in quinone solutions. Two ways of HS effect were studied: the reduction activity of HS and intensification of self-protection of bacterial cells on HS addition.