Fractionated illumination after topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid on normal skin of hairless mice: The influence of the dark interval

We have previously shown that light fractionation during topical aminolevulinic acid based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) with a dark interval of 2 h leads to a significant increase in efficacy in both pre-clinical and clinical PDT. However this fractionated illumination scheme required an extended overall treatment time. Therefore we investigated the relationship between the dark interval and PDT response with the aim of reducing the overall treatment time without reducing the efficacy. Five groups of mice were treated with ALA-PDT using a single light fraction or the two-fold illumination scheme with a dark interval of 30 min, 1, 1.5 and 2 h. Protoporphyrin IX fluorescence kinetics were monitored during illumination. Visual skin response was monitored in the first seven days after PDT and assessed as PDT response. The PDT response decreases with decreasing length of the dark interval. Only the dark interval of 2 h showed significantly more damage compared to all the other dark intervals investigated (P < 0.05 compared to 1.5 h and P < 0.01 compared to 1 h, 30 min and a single illumination). No relationship could be shown between the utilized PpIX fluorescence during the two-fold illumination and the PDT response. The rate of photobleaching was comparable for the first and the second light fraction and not dependent of the length of dark interval used. We conclude that in the skin of the hairless mouse the dark interval cannot be reduced below 2 h without a significant reduction in PDT efficacy.