Alitrétinoïne et eczéma chronique des mains : synthèse des essais cliniques

After an open preliminary study, two double-blind placebo-controlled randomized studies have confirmed the value of per os alitretinoin in the management of severe chronic hand eczema (CHE). The first showed dose-dependent efficacy and a response defined as “clear” or “almost clear” by 53% of the patients receiving 10-40 mg of alitretinoin per day for 12 weeks. In the second multicenter study (the Bach study), comparing the efficacy of a 12-week alitretinoin treatment (10 mg, 30 mg) to placebo for CHE, a “clear or almost clear” result was observed in 17% (placebo group), 28% (group alitretinoin 10 mg), and 48% (group alitretinoin 30 mg). The onset of action was also significantly shorter in the group treated with 30 mg of alitretinoin compared to the group treated with 10 mg. In a study of randomized retreatment versus placebo, 80% of the patients who were initially responders to alitretinoin and whose CHE had relapsed found “clear” or “almost clear” with alitretinoin 30 mg administered for 12-24 weeks compared to 48% with alitretinoin 10 mg. In all the studies, clinical tolerance was comparable and satisfactory, with the most frequent negative side effects being headache, flushing, and mucocutaneous signs identical to those compared with other retinoids. An increase in cholesterol and/or triglycerides was the most frequent biological side effect. Central hypothyroidism, with no clinical expression, was observed more rarely. These studies confirm that alitretinoin treatment can be envisaged as second-line therapy in adults with CHE that does not respond to well-observed treatment with class potent or very potent dermocorticoids.