Treatment of pachydermoperiostosis pachydermia with botulinum toxin type A

BackgroundPachydermoperiostosis (PDP) is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by digital clubbing, periostosis, and pachydermia. Pachydermia results in leonine facies, a major cause of cosmetic and functional morbidity in these patients. Its treatment is usually surgical. So far, no medical treatment has been suggested to alleviate this morbidity.ObjectiveWe sought to assess the role of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in improving the cosmetic appearance of pachydermia in patients with PDP.MethodsThree patients with PDP were treated with BTX-A for their leonine facies. A total of 70 to 80 U were used to treat the upper third of the face. Photographs were taken at baseline and at 2 and 6 weeks after the injections. The patients were followed up periodically for at least 6 months. Wrinkle severity was assessed at relaxation using the 4-point facial wrinkle scale at baseline, week 6, and month 6. In addition, a subjective assessment of the improvement of the extent and depth of the facial rhytides/furrows over the upper third of the face was performed by the same investigator at week 6 and month 6.ResultsUsing the subjective assessment of the improvement of wrinkles, all 3 patients exhibited a fair to excellent response at week 6 that started manifesting 1 week after the BTX-A treatment. All patients demonstrated a residual effect 6 months after the treatment. One patient exhibited a mild exacerbation of his ptosis.LimitationsMajor limitations were the small number of patients and the administration of BTX-A injections and assessment of their response by a single unblinded physician.ConclusionBTX-A is a simple procedure that may be of value in temporarily improving the cosmetic appearance of pachydermia in patients with PDP.