Subcutaneous efalizumab is not effective in the treatment of alopecia areata

BackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is a T-cell–mediated autoimmune disease. Efalizumab is a T-cell–targeted therapy approved for the treatment of psoriasis.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of efalizumab in the treatment of moderate-to-severe AA.MethodsSixty-two patients were enrolled into this phase II, placebo-controlled trial. The trial consisted of three 12-week periods—a double-blind treatment period, an open-label efalizumab treatment period, and a safety follow-up.ResultsThere were no statistical differences between treatment groups in percent hair regrowth, quality-of-life measures, or changes in biologic markers of disease severity after 12 or 24 weeks. In both groups, there was an approximately 8% response rate for hair regrowth (at 12 weeks). Efalizumab was well tolerated.LimitationsNumbers were too small for certain analyses.ConclusionA 3- to 6-month trial of efalizumab was not effective in promoting hair regrowth in this small cohort of patients with moderate-to-severe AA.