Oral findings in 58 adults with tuberous sclerosis complex

BackgroundGingival fibromas and dental pitting are among the diagnostic criteria for tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).ObjectiveOur goal was to document the oral findings in 58 adult patients with TSC.ResultsForty patients (69%) had oral fibromas, appearing mostly on the attached or interdental gingiva. Other oral mucosal sites with fibromas included buccal and labial mucosa, the superior labial frenulum, palate, and tongue. In all, 56 patients (97%) had multiple dental enamel pits.LimitationsThis case series comprised predominantly adult women with TSC and lymphangioleiomyomatosis.ConclusionsOral fibromas in TSC are mostly, but not exclusively, gingival. Dental pits are present in nearly all patients. The multiple oral papules in TSC may appear similar to those observed in Cowden syndrome, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, and rarely in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.