Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Regulates Persistent ERK Oscillations in Premalignant but Not Malignant JB6 Cells

The regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) oscillations in the context of wound healing and carcinogenesis have been investigated in premalignant and malignant JB6 mouse epidermal cells stimulated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). In premalignant JB6 cells, bFGF stimulation (1) increases cellular phospho-ERK and phospho-c-Jun levels, (2) increases serum-dependent cell proliferation, (3) induces an apparent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and (4) induces the persistent nuclear–cytosolic oscillation of an ERK1–green fluorescent protein (ERK1–GFP) chimera. In contrast, TPA induces persistent activation of ERK in the absence of oscillations and does not induce efficient migration. Treatment of malignant or transformed JB6 cells with bFGF is associated with a transient nuclear translocation of ERK1–GFP but not oscillations or efficient cell migration. Our data suggest that bFGF regulates ERK oscillations in premalignant but not malignant JB6 cells.