Grouping of patients with common variable immunodeficiency based on immunoglobulin biosynthesis: Comparison with a classification system on CD4-naïve cells

The present study compared two different systems of classification of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID); one based on in vitro immunoglobulin biosynthesis; and another on CD4-naïve cell counts. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 35 patients with CVID and 20 healthy controls. They were stimulated for the secretion of IgM and IgG after stimulation with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC) upon supplementation of interleukin-2 (IL-2) or with pokeweed mitogen. T cell subsets were estimated by flow cytometry. By the first system, patients were classified into group A (n = 18) with secretion of neither IgG nor IgM; into group B (n = 12) with detectable IgM but no IgG secretion; and into group C (n = 5) with IgM and IgG secretion similar to controls. By the second system, patients were classified into group I (n = 12) with less than 109 CD4-naïve cells/μl; into group II (n = 12) with CD4-naïve cells within 109–225 μl−1; and into group III (n = 11) with more than 225 CD4-naïve cells/μl. All groups I–III were defective for in vitro release of IgG and IgM. The likelihood ratio for splenomegaly in patients with <225 CD4-naïve cells/μl was 5.08 (p: 0.024). CD4-naïve cell counts of patients were positively correlated to serum levels of IgG and IgA of patients. The presented results revealed that the former system described adequately the function of B cells and the latter the clinical status of the patient. Our proposal is that both should be used for the characterization of patients with CVID.