Neuropsychological assessment in dementia

Despite the diverse neurological pathways through which dementia can be manifest, the primary characteristic is one of a global decline in cognitive functioning. Neuropsychological assessment is an important means through which to identify, monitor and manage such changes. First, we seek to highlight some important principles to consider when conducting assessments with an older adult population (particularly when it comes to investigations of suspected dementia). Second, we look at the various types of assessments that can be undertaken. Modes of assessment (including an outline of available test batteries) are considered as follows: screening assessments; pre-morbid and current intellectual functioning; memory; executive functioning; language; and visuospatial and metacognitive functioning. Finally, some thought is given to what may be involved in the selection of appropriate tests to address the prevailing clinical questions.