A comprehensive guide of remediation technologies for oil contaminated soil — Present works and future directions

• Comprehensive literature on remediation technologies for oil removal from soil
• Methods examined include biological, physical, chemical and integrated treatments.
• Existing remediation works, advantages and disadvantages are discussed in detail.
• The advancements and future potential work are highlighted in this review.
• Knowledge of contaminant and site conditions determines the success of remediation.

Oil spills result in negative impacts on the environment, economy and society. Due to tidal and waves actions, the oil spillage affects the shorelines by adhering to the soil, making it difficult for immediate cleaning of the soil. As shoreline clean-up is the most costly component of a response operation, there is a need for effective oil remediation technologies. This paper provides a review on the remediation technologies for soil contaminated with various types of oil, including diesel, crude oil, petroleum, lubricating oil, bitumen and bunker oil. The methods discussed include solvent extraction, bioremediation, phytoremediation, chemical oxidation, electrokinetic remediation, thermal technologies, ultrasonication, flotation and integrated remediation technologies. Each of these technologies was discussed, and associated with their advantages, disadvantages, advancements and future work in detail. Nonetheless, it is important to note that no single remediation technology is considered the best solution for the remediation of oil contaminated soil.CapsuleThis review provides a comprehensive literature on the various remediation technologies studied in the removal of different oil types from soil.