Alleviation of arsenic stress in cardoon plants via the supply of a low cadmium concentration

Highlights
- As toxicity was studied in cardoon plants grown with/without 5 μM Cd.
- Cd reduces plant growth, CTC10% and EC50.
- Cd increases As phytoextraction capacity but reduces As tolerance.
- Cardoons may act as As-accumulators, or As-excluders under As+Cd contamination conditions.