Long-term exhumation history of the Inner Mongolian Plateau constrained by apatite fission track analysis

• Apatite fission track analysis has been taken in Inner Mongolian Plateau.
• Multi-phase exhumation/burying processes occurred from Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic.
• Exhumation is negligible after Mesozoic.
• An ancient peneplain was preserved probably formed during Middle Mesozoic times.

The Inner Mongolian Plateau, along the southeastern flank of the wider Mongolian Plateau, is a vast undulating surface ranging in elevation between 900 and 1500 m above sea level. The peculiar topography of this area is assumed to be closely related to its complex tectono-thermal evolution since Late Paleozoic. The lithospheric structure of the Plateau includes three continental blocks: the Mandula and the Bart Obo blocks form the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in that area, and to the south, the Plateau includes the northern margin of the North China Craton. Apatite fission track (AFT) ages and track length distributions from 13 basement outcrops situated in the main tectonic blocks forming the Inner Mongolian Plateau were determined in order to reconstruct its denudation history. The thermal histories inferred from these data imply multi-phased, differential exhumation/burying processes from the Late Paleozoic to the Early Cretaceous. This complex thermal history is largely related to the Early/Middle Triassic closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, the Jurassic closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean, and the Early Cretaceous orogenic collapse of the Mongol–Okhotsk belt. Finally, since Late Cretaceous, no further major tectonic movement occurred and the Inner Mongolian Plateau has been largely peneplained.