Conditions of stichtite (Mg6Cr2(OH)16[CO3]·4H2O) formation and its geochemical and isotope record of early phanerozoic serpentinizing environments

Stichtite is a magnesium-chromium hydroxycarbonate mineral found in association with early Phanerozoic chromite-rich serpentinite rocks of Tasmania, Australia and Tehuitzingo, Mexico. Elemental analysis of stichtite shows a range of compositions within the Cr-Fe-Al hydrotalcite group, with compositional trends associated with each discrete serpentinite host body. Elemental and textural analysis of stichtite-associated chromite indicates that stichtite forms in fore-arc setting rocks through interaction of chromite and methane-rich serpentinizing fluids. The degree to which chromite is replaced by stichtite is inferred to correlate with the length of time that the host rocks spent within the “stichtite window.” Carbon stable-isotope analyses of stichtite suggest carbon sourcing from marine kerogen with a minor marine carbonate component in some samples. The carbon and hydrogen stable isotope profile of stichtite ranges from the field of methane from active serpentinizing zones, to organic thermogenic methane. The association of the stichtite 2H polytype (nee barbertonite) with aragonite ± antigorite suggests this is a higher pressure/temperature polytype of stichtite. Reaction completion textures, isotopic values, and qualitative mineral thermobarometric indicators indicate that stichtite forms during serpentinization of fore-arc setting rocks in a methane/H2-rich environment within fluid conduits, ranging from low temperatures and pressures near the surface, to depths where pressure is up to 0.8–1.2 GPa and temperature is up to ∼300 °C. These unique chemical, isotopic, and textural properties of stichtite from distinct serpentinite bodies likely record the duration of serpentinization at specific thermobarometric conditions, and provide a window into the conditions associated with a potentially habitable environment on early Earth and other bodies of the solar system.