Water reuse and cost-benefit of pumping at different spatial levels in a rice irrigation system in UPRIIS, Philippines

The results clearly indicate that the quantification of amount of water reuse is very crucial for understanding and finding of water use efficiency at the irrigation system level. The results also revealed that rice production systems are still profitable despite high pumping costs and other associated expenses at all spatial levels in District 1. More than 1500 farmers, from a total of 10,000, use 1154 pumps to draw water from shallow tube wells (or from drains and creeks) for supplementary irrigation at a District level. Reuse of water plays a vital role in growing a profitable rice crop during the dry season.