Detrital zircon signatures of the Baltoscandian margin along the Arctic Circle Caledonides in Sweden: The Sveconorwegian connection

• Sveconorwegian signatures dominate the detrital zircon populations along the entire Baltoscandian margin.
• During Caledonian collisional orogeny, the Baltoscandian margin crust underthrusting Laurentia was probably Sveconorwegian.
• Grenville-Sveconorwegian crust is probably widespread in the High Arctic.

New evidence is presented here that the Sveconorwegian Orogen continued northwards from type areas in southwestern Scandinavia along the Baltoscandian outer margin into the high Arctic. The Silver Road (Silvervägen) profile through the Scandinavian Caledonides, located in Sweden along the Arctic Circle at 66–67° N, provides a full section through the tectonostratigraphy of the Baltoscandian margin from the Autochthon, via the Lower Allochthon to the upperment parts of the Middle Allochthon. Metamorphic grade increases upwards through the nappes, being low greenschist facies at lowest levels and increasing to eclogite grade in the highest parts of the Seve Nappe Complex, the latter being related to early Ordovician subduction of the Baltoscandian outermost margin. The sedimentary rocks range in age from Neoproterozoic to Ordovician and provide evidence of the changes of environment from the Baltoscandian platform, westwards out over the Cryogenian rifted margin to the continent-ocean transition zone; also the Ordovician foreland basin. Twelve samples of psammites from the different tectonostratigraphic levels have yielded U/Pb detrital zircon age-signatures that reflect the changing character of their provenance. Autochthonous sandstones are derived from late Paleoproterozoic (1800–1950 Ma) crystalline rocks in the vicinity to the east of the thrust front. Ediacaran-early Cambrian quartzites of the Lower Allochthon also yield mainly late Paleoproterozoic zircon signatures, but with subordinate Mesoproterozoic and late Archaean populations, whilst mid Ordovician, W-derived foreland basin turbidites are dominated by Sveconorwegian (950–1100 Ma) signatures, with subordinate older Mesoproterozoic to latest Paleoproterozoic populations. All samples from the lower parts of the Middle Allochthon (lacking dolerite dykes) have signatures that are dominated by latest Paleoproterozoic and early Mesoproterozoic ages, with subordinate populations down to Sveconorwegian ages; the latter dominate the overlying Särv nappes and also the Seve Nappe Complex, where c. 945 Ma rhyodacites have been previously reported. This evidence of Sveconorwegian source rocks in the hinterland, taken together with previously published detrital zircon data farther south and north of the Arctic Circle, clearly favours the interpretation that the Sveconorwegian Orogen, during the Neoproterozoic, extended along the entire Baltoscandian outer margin into the high Arctic.