Dating fluid flow and Mississippi Valley type base-metal mineralization in the Paleoproterozoic Earaheedy Basin, Western Australia

The ages of deposition and metamorphism of low-grade Precambrian metasedimentary sequences can be difficult to define in the absence of interlayered volcanogenic rocks. Monazite and xenotime can grow at temperatures below 400 °C and can give vital evidence for the timing of diagenesis, hydrothermal fluid flow, and low-grade deformation and metamorphism in Precambrian basins. The histories of sedimentary basins in the eastern Capricorn Orogen of the West Australian Craton are generally poorly constrained. However, sandstones and siltstones of the basal Yelma Formation in the Earaheedy Basin contain authigenic monazite and xenotime associated with sulphide minerals related to Mississippi Valley Type base-metal mineralization hosted within carbonate of the overlying Sweetwaters Well Member. In the Teague area, within the Earaheedy Basin, siliciclastic rocks overlying granites of the Yilgarn Craton contain authigenic monazite that gives an in situ SHRIMP 207Pb/206Pb age of 1811 ± 13 Ma. Monazite in weathered sandstones and siltstones of the Cano secondary Pb deposit on Magellan Hill, overlying the Yerrida Basin, gives an indistinguishable age of 1815 ± 13 Ma. The Cano monazite is interpreted to have been intergrown with primary sulphide minerals and therefore to record the age of mineralization. Xenotime outgrowths on detrital zircons from Cano have high common Pb but define an isochron with an age of 1832 ± 36 Ma. The isochron is co-linear with Pb isotope ratios from Pb ore at Magellan, suggesting that xenotime growth is also related to mineralization. The timing of fluid flow is synchronous with the 1820–1770 Ma Capricorn Orogeny, and is the first evidence for activity of this age in the eastern part of the Capricorn Orogen. The age of mineralization provides a firm minimum age for the Yelma Formation, and constrains its deposition to between ∼2.0 Ga, the youngest age of detrital zircons, and the mineralization age.

► We present the first reliable dates for mineralization in the Earaheedy Basin.
► At 1811 ± 13 Ma, the mineralization is the second oldest MVT ore on record.
► The mineralization is synchronous with the intracontinental Capricorn Orogeny.
► Events of this age have not previously been recorded in the east of the orogen.
► The timing constrains sediment deposition to the interval 2.0–1.8 Ga.