The significance of mafic microgranular enclaves in the petrogenesis of the Dehno Complex, Sanandaj–Sirjan belt, Iran

Quartz-monzodioritic and granodioritic enclaves occur in the Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene Dehno Complex, NW of Isfahan, Iran. They are hosted by hornblende-granodiorite and granodiorite–monzogranite, respectively. The presence of xenocrystic plagioclase, biotite, quartz, magnesio-hornblende, occasionally with relics of clinopyroxene (in quartz-monzodiorites), minor K-feldspar and the lack of peraluminous minerals dominate the mineralogy of these rocks and suggest a metaluminous source. The plagioclase in the quartz-monzodioritic enclaves has higher An-content than that of the respective plagioclase of their host (hornblende-granodiorite) indicating crystallization from more mafic magma. The quartz-monzodioritic enclaves generally contain higher values of Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, MnO, Na2O, transition elements (Ni, Cr, Co, V), REE and lower values of SiO2, K2O, P2O5 and Zr than their host which are in consistent with occurrence of abundant ferromagnesian minerals in these rocks. Compare to their host, the granodioritic enclaves have higher amount of Fe2O3, MgO, MnO, TiO2, P2O5, Rb, Zr, Y, Ni, Cr, Co and lower concentration of SiO2, K2O and Ba. Aside from hornblende-granodiorite and granodiorite–monzogranite, the Dehno Complex comprises leucogranodiorite and tourmaline-leuco granites. Geochemically, the rocks of the Complex are metaluminous to strongly peraluminous and are enriched in LILE (e.g. Rb, K, Sr, Ba) and depleted in HFSE (e.g. Nb, Ta, P, Ti, Zr, Hf) with medium to high-K calc-alkaline nature. These geochemical features are proposed for the volcanic arc granites emplaced in an active continental margin. Whole-rock and quartz δ18O values for all rocks are high (9.7–14.4‰ and 10.1–14.9‰, respectively), suggesting the interaction of magma with crustal-derived components. The strongly peraluminous composition can be interpreted in terms of this hypothesis. All these mineralogical and geochemical features support the idea that the granitoid rocks of the Dehno Complex developed through variable degrees of mixing/mingling between a basic magma and a supracrustal melt during subduction of the Neotethys oceanic crust beneath Central Iranian microcontenent. The quartz-monzodioritic enclaves most likely represent the nearest composition to the original more mafic magma. The granodioritic enclaves result from the mixing/mingling of globules basic magma with host granitic magma.