Improved coprolite identification in Patagonian archaeological contexts

In the present work, we report a molecular approach that contributes to determine the zoological origin of unidentified coprolites from Patagonia. Three coprolites with morphological characters attributable to human or carnivorous, from Patagonian archaeological sites, were analyzed. Molecular analysis was conducted following the Authenticity Criteria to Determine Ancient DNA (aDNA) sequences. Two replicates of 398 and 521 coprolites were amplified. Specific fragments of cytb and nadh5 genes were successfully sequenced. No PCR positives were reached to any aDNA replicates of coprolite 246. In the present work mammal coprolites aDNA between 2,700-5,100 years old were isolated. These results allowed us to establish coprolites identity as Puma concolor. This is the first genomic information produced in an Argentinian lab based on aDNA from Patagonian coprolites. In consequence, the present study would open the way to future paleogenomics studies in archaeological sites of the region.