Enhancement of spermidine content and antioxidant capacity in transgenic pear shoots overexpressing apple spermidine synthase in response to salinity and hyperosmosis

Overexpression of apple spermidine synthase gene (MdSPDS1), one of the polyamine biosynthetic genes, conferred tolerance to NaCl and mannitol stress in European pear (Pyrus communis L.) in vitro shoots through enhancing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (photo, 15 days after stress treatment; #32, transgenic pear; WT, wild type).