Gender differences in trait aggression in young adults with drug and alcohol dependence compared to the general population

► Gender differences in aggression among alcohol and drug dependent clinical populations were not investigated in previous studies. ► No published data are available about gender differences among various subtypes of drug using populations. ► Chronic substance use was associated with higher levels of different factors of trait aggression in females than in males. ► Our data suggest that aggression of substance dependent females is more provocable by chronic use of alcohol and drugs than males.