miR214-regulated p53-NOX4/p66shc pathway plays a crucial role in the protective effect of Ginkgolide B against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in HEI-OC1 cells

The chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin, is widely used for the treatment of several neoplastic diseases. The concomitant cytotoxicity in cochlear cells severely limits the maximum dose of cisplatin. Our previous study has shown that Ginkgolide B (GB) could protect against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the probable mechanism underlying GB-mediated protective effects against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. The results showed that, in HEI-OC1 auditory cells, both NOX4 and p66shc expression was increased by cisplatin. GB significantly reduced NOX4 and p66shc expression and superoxide generation. Over-expression of NOX4 or p66shc suppressed the inhibitory effects of GB on superoxide generation and the protective effects of GB on loss of cell viability and apoptosis associated with cisplatin. Moreover, p53 expression was increased by cisplatin. GB significantly decreased p53 expression and p53-binding of the promoters of NOX4 and p66shc. Over-expression of p53 suppressed the inhibitory effects of GB on NOX4 and p66shc expression and superoxide generation and the protective effects of GB on loss of cell viability and apoptosis associated with cisplatin. Furthermore, miR214 expression was decreased by cisplatin. GB significantly increased miR214 expression and inhibition of miR214 suppressed the inhibitory effects of GB on p53, NOX4 and p66shc expression and superoxide generation and the protective effects of GB against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. We demonstrate that GB decreases superoxide generation and the subsequent apoptosis through reduction of p53-mediated NOX4/p66shc pathway via up-regulation of miR214, resulting in attenuation of cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. Our findings have gained an insight into the molecular mechanism of GB-exhibited inhibitory effect on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity.