کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
6358667 | 1622743 | 2014 | 10 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
From a millennium base line to 2012: Beach litter changes in Wales
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
از یک خط پایه هزاره تا سال 2012: بستر ساحلی در ولز تغییر می کند
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کلمات کلیدی
بستر ساحلی، ولز، تفریح عمومی، مدل مارکف،
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه
علوم زمین و سیارات
اقیانوس شناسی
چکیده انگلیسی
Forty-five beaches at 41 bathing area locations in Wales were analysed for litter in 2000 and 2012, via a standard seven category checklist. Fourteen resorts, 2 urban, 11 village, 15 rural 3 remote, were graded, A to D. A grade beach numbers changed from 5 to19; B, 27 to 24; C, 9 to 2; D, 4 to 0, many beaches maintaining their current status. Assuming trend continuance within the next 12Â years, the A:B grade ratio would approach equilibrium of 44:56, with no grade C or D beaches. Recreational litter was ubiquitous; fishing materials prevalent along Cardigan Bay. New water treatment plant investment reduced sewage related debris. Despite apparent increased awareness of beach litter, improving visitor behaviour through information/education should be a future priority. Removing a few gross items could improve beach grades at little cost to local authorities and benefits to the Welsh economy.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Marine Pollution Bulletin - Volume 84, Issues 1â2, 15 July 2014, Pages 17-26
Journal: Marine Pollution Bulletin - Volume 84, Issues 1â2, 15 July 2014, Pages 17-26
نویسندگان
A.T. Williams, P. Randerson, O.A. Alharbi,