Characterization of marine debris in North Carolina salt marshes

Marine debris composition, density, abundance, and accumulation were evaluated in salt marshes in Carteret County, North Carolina seasonally between 2007 and 2009. We assessed relationships between human use patterns and debris type. Wave effects on marine debris density were examined using a GIS-based forecasting tool. We assessed the influence of site wave exposure, period, and height on debris quantity. Presence and abundance of debris were related to wave exposure, vegetation type and proximity of the strata to human population and human use patterns. Plastic pieces accounted for the majority of all debris. Small debris (0-5 cm) was primarily composed of foam pieces and was frequently affiliated with natural wrack. Large debris (>100 cm) was encountered in all marsh habitat types surveyed and was primarily composed of anthropogenic wood and derelict fishing gear. Marsh cleanup efforts should be targeted to specific habitat types or debris types to minimize further damage to sensitive habitats.

► We examine marine debris occurrence and patterns in 15 North Carolina salt marshes. ► We model debris with respect to human population and use patterns and to wave exposure. ► Large marine debris was found in all salt marsh vegetation, small debris was primarily in wrack. ► Debris quantity was related to human population and uses and to wave exposure. ► Debris cleanups should include salt marshes but avoid impacting sensitive habitats.