Durability against wetting-drying cycles for cement-stabilized reclaimed asphalt pavement blended with crushed rock

Pavement rehabilitation and reconstruction generate large quantities of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). The improvement of the engineering properties of this RAP is required in order to enable it for use as environmentally friendly alternative construction material in road pavements. The durability of RAP when blended with crushed rock (CR) and stabilized with Portland cement was investigated in this paper. The CR replacement was found to improve the compactibility and durability of the stabilized RAP/CR material. For a particular RAP:CR ratio, the compaction curves of cement-stabilized RAP/CR blends were found to be essentially the same for all cement contents, but different for unstabilized blends; i.e., the maximum dry unit weight of cement-stabilized RAP/CR blends is higher than that of unstabilized RAP-CR blends. The wetting-drying (w-d) cycles led to a loss in weight of the cement-stabilized RCA/CR blends and to a subsequent reduction in strength. The w-d cycle strengths (qu(w-d)) for a state of compaction (dry side, wet side or optimum water content) at any w-d cycle could be approximated from the corresponding initial soaked strength (prior to w-d tests) (qu0). The qu0 of cement-stabilized RAP/CR blends increased with an increasing CR replacement and an increasing cement content. Assuming that the CR replacement also results in an increasing cement content, w/[C(1 + kCRc)] was proposed as a critical parameter for developing qu0 and qu(w-d) predictive equations where w is the water content at the optimum water content, C is the cement content, k is the replacement efficiency, and CRc is the CR content. Based on the qu(w-d) predictive equation developed here, a design procedure for the laboratory mixing of cement-stabilized RAP/CR blends was proposed, which would be valuable for an accurate determination of the ingredients (RAP:CR ratio and cement content) required to attain the necessary strength at the design service life.