Importancia diferencial de los componentes fundamentales de la esquizotipia: un metaanálisis

Schizotypy can be understood as a disorder included in the schizophrenia spectrum or as a psychometric trait that includes three factors: cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganised. The first relates to strange beliefs and unusual perceptual experiences; the second, with anhedonia and deficits in interpersonal relationships, and the third, disorganisation, is identified with strange thoughts, behaviours, and language. Several studies have attempted to clarify which of these dimensions is more relevant when predicting the construct. To answer this question, a meta-analysis was conducted using a systematic review of the major databases comparing schizotypy dimensions associated with different categories: structure, health, and vulnerability markers. A total of 27 studies were selected from 300 items found. The results indicate that the interpersonal dimension seems to be related to clinical symptoms, while the cognitive-perceptual dimension dominates research on vulnerability markers. Cognitive disorganisation contributes to both topics. It is concluded that the dimensions of schizotypy have a differential importance in terms of the areas of psychological functioning under study.